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The Alderney concentration camps were prison camps built and operated by Nazi Germany during its World War II occupation of the Channel Islands. The Channel Islands was the only part of the British Isles to be occupied by the Nazis. The Nazis built four concentration camps on the island of Alderney, subcamps of the Neuengamme camp outside Hamburg. They were named after the Frisian Islands: Lager Norderney, Lager Borkum, Lager Sylt and Lager Helgoland. The Nazi Organisation Todt operated each subcamp and used forced labour to build bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and concrete fortifications. The camps commenced operating in January 1942 and had a total inmate population of about 6,000. The ''Borkum'' and ''Helgoland'' camps were "volunteer" (''Hilfswillige'') labour camps〔Christian Streit: Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen, 1941-1945, Bonn: Dietz (3. Aufl., 1. Aufl. 1978), ISBN 3-8012-5016-4 - "Between 22 June 1941 and the end of the war, roughly 5.7 million members of the Red Army fell into German hands. In January 1945, 930,000 were still in German camps. A million at most had been released, most of whom were so-called "volunteers" (Hilfswillige) for (often compulsory) auxiliary service in the Wehrmacht. Another 500,000, as estimated by the Army High Command, had either fled or been liberated. The remaining 3,300,000 (57.5% of the total) had perished."〕 and the labourers in those camps were treated harshly but marginally better than the inmates at the ''Sylt'' and ''Norderney'' camps. The prisoners in ''Lager Sylt'' and ''Lager Norderney'' were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney. ''Sylt camp'' held Jewish enforced labourers. ''Norderney camp'' housed European (mainly Eastern but including Spanish) and Russian enforced labourers. ''Borkum camp'' was used for German technicians and "volunteers" from different countries of Europe. ''Helgoland camp'' was used for Russian Organisation Todt workers. In 1942, ''Lager Norderney'', containing Russian and Polish POWs, and ''Lager Sylt'', holding Jews, were placed under the control of SS Hauptsturmführer Max List. Over 700 of the inmates lost their lives before the camps were closed and the remaining inmates transferred to Germany in 1944.〔 == War crime trials == After World War II, a court-martial case was prepared against former SS Hauptsturmführer List, citing atrocities on Alderney.〔''The Jews in the Channel Islands During the German Occupation 1940-1945'', by Frederick Cohen, President of the Jersey Jewish Congregation, http://web.archive.org/web/20031217122111/http://www.jerseyheritagetrust.org/edu/resources/pdf/cijews.pdf〕 However, he did not stand trial, and is believed to have lived near Hamburg until his death in the 1980s.〔Noted in ''The Occupation'', by Guy Walters, ISBN 0-7553-2066-2〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alderney concentration camps」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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